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Peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists: From injection to oral delivery strategies
Zhiqiang Ke1, Qianqian Ma2, Xiaonan Ye3
1Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China.
Abstract:
Peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective drugs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and have been proven to benefit the heart and kidney. Apart from oral semaglutide, which does not require injection, other peptide GLP-1RAs need to be subcutaneously administered. However, oral semaglutide also faces significant challenges, such as low bioavailability and frequent gastrointestinal discomfort. Thus, it is imperative that advanced oral strategies for peptide GLP-1RAs need to be explored. This review mainly compares the current advantages and disadvantages of various oral delivery strategies for peptide GLP-1RAs in the developmental stage and discusses the latest research progress of peptide GLP-1RAs, providing a useful guide for the development of new oral peptide GLP-1RA drugs.
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