Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Energetics of Solution Formation

Energetics of Solution Formation

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...

Sublimation

Sublimation

Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.

Solvents

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...

Physical Properties of Ethers

Physical Properties of Ethers

Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...

Solubility

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Preparation and characterization of visible-light-driven TiO2 photocatalyst Co-doped with nitrogen and erbium.

Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology·2012

Same author

A novel sucrose phosphorylase from the metagenomes of sucrose-rich environment: isolation and characterization.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2012

Same author

A metal-based inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2012

Same author

[Effect of snail control of niclosamide by soil mixing and spraying methods in high dam of terrace].

Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control·2012

Same author

Activation of the CB2 receptor system reverses amyloid-induced memory deficiency.

Neurobiology of aging·2012

Same author

[Down-regulation of transcription factor PU.1 via abnormal epigenetic modification in chronic myeloid leukemia].

Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

Deep eutectic solvent: Synthesis, classification, properties and application in macromolecular substances.

Yuying Gao¹, Min Fan¹, Xiaoxiao Cheng¹

¹College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|August 10, 2024

Summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer sustainable and low-toxicity alternatives for extracting food macromolecules like chitosan and pectin. This review highlights their potential in food processing and material preparation.

Keywords:

Deep eutectic solvents Macromolecular application Physicochemical properties

More Related Videos

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

Published on: March 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

Published on: March 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Green chemistry
Food science
Macromolecular chemistry

Background:

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are gaining attention for their sustainability and low toxicity.
Their unique properties, including low volatility and thermal stability, offer advantages over traditional organic solvents.
Current research on DES in food applications primarily focuses on small molecules, with limited exploration of macromolecular applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the synthesis, classification, and properties of DES.
To summarize the application of DES in the food industry for extracting and processing macromolecular substances.
To analyze the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of DES in food science.

Main Methods:

Literature review of DES synthesis, properties, and applications in food science.
Focus on studies involving the extraction of food macromolecules (e.g., chitosan, pectin) using DES.
Analysis of DES-based preparation of macromolecular substrate films.

Main Results:

DES are effective for extracting food macromolecules such as chitosan and pectin.
DES can be utilized in the preparation of macromolecular substrate films.
DES exhibit favorable characteristics for food applications, though limitations exist.

Conclusions:

DES show significant promise for sustainable extraction and processing of food macromolecules.
Further research is needed to fully explore the potential and overcome limitations of DES in the food industry.
DES represent a viable green alternative for various food-related applications.