Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.0K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

16.7K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.7K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

879
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
879
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

63.4K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
63.4K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

scDeepAPA: a deep learning framework for single-cell alternative polyadenylation identification.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2026
Same author

VIRSE: a variational Bayesian framework for RNA structural ensemble inference.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2026
Same author

International multisite implementation of distributed cell-free protein biomanufacturing to advance health and research equity.

Science advances·2026
Same author

CLASHub is an integrated database and analytical platform for microRNA-target interactions.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

ShapeRNA: an integrated web server for RNA secondary structure, ensemble, and functional analysis.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Automated Assembly of Programmable RNA-Based Sensors.

ACS synthetic biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Generation of Stable Human Cell Lines with Tetracycline-inducible Tet-on shRNA or cDNA Expression
09:51

Generation of Stable Human Cell Lines with Tetracycline-inducible Tet-on shRNA or cDNA Expression

Published on: March 5, 2013

35.3K

Conditional RNA interference in mammalian cells via RNA transactivation.

Yu Zhou1,2, Peike Sheng1,3,4, Jiayi Li5,6

  • 1UF Center for NeuroGenetics (CNG), Gainesville, FL, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new RNA system (ORIENTR) for precise gene silencing. This technology enables conditional RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by specific RNA molecules, offering better control for research and potential therapies.

More Related Videos

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

2.0K
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
07:56

Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi

Published on: August 18, 2010

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Generation of Stable Human Cell Lines with Tetracycline-inducible Tet-on shRNA or cDNA Expression
09:51

Generation of Stable Human Cell Lines with Tetracycline-inducible Tet-on shRNA or cDNA Expression

Published on: March 5, 2013

35.3K
A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

2.0K
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
07:56

Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi

Published on: August 18, 2010

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is crucial for gene knockdown but lacks precise spatiotemporal control.
  • Uncontrolled RNAi can lead to off-target effects, toxicity, and challenges in targeting essential genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer novel RNA switches for sequence-specific, conditional RNA interference in mammalian cells.
  • To develop a system for precise spatiotemporal regulation of gene silencing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Designed de-novo RNA switches utilizing cis-repressing RNA elements.
  • Engineered RNA devices that initiate microRNA biogenesis upon binding with cognate trigger RNAs.
  • Integrated ORIENTR system with dCas13d for enhanced dynamic range.

Main Results:

  • Developed the Orthogonal RNA Interference induced by Trigger RNA (ORIENTR) system.
  • Achieved up to 14-fold increases in artificial miRNA biogenesis upon ORIENTR activation.
  • Demonstrated up to 31-fold dynamic range enhancement when combining ORIENTR with dCas13d.
  • Showcased ORIENTR's ability to detect endogenous RNA signals and conditionally knockdown genes.

Conclusions:

  • The ORIENTR system provides precise, trigger-dependent RNAi in mammalian cells.
  • This technology enables conditional gene knockdown, cell-type-specific RNAi, and rewiring of transcriptional networks.
  • ORIENTR offers significant potential for advanced research and therapeutic applications requiring controlled gene silencing.