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Pediatric Leptospirosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Hakan Döneray1, Halil Keskin2, Hülya Akat1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine
|August 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, presents diverse symptoms and can be fatal. This case highlights diagnostic challenges in children due to nonspecific signs and low healthcare provider awareness, emphasizing the need for better recognition.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with variable clinical presentations, ranging from mild to severe.
  • Nonspecific clinical manifestations in children, excluding Weil's disease, often lead to underdiagnosis.
  • Limited awareness among healthcare professionals contributes to diagnostic delays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of leptospirosis in a child initially misdiagnosed as staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
  • To review the literature on leptospirosis, focusing on diagnostic challenges in pediatric cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Comprehensive literature review on leptospirosis in children.

Main Results:

  • The case illustrates the potential for misdiagnosis due to overlapping and nonspecific symptoms.
  • Review highlights the importance of considering leptospirosis in pediatric febrile illnesses.

Conclusions:

  • Leptospirosis diagnosis in children requires heightened clinical suspicion, especially when symptoms are nonspecific.
  • Increased awareness and education for healthcare professionals are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis.

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