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Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
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Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten...
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The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Advanced membrane-based high-value metal recovery from wastewater.

Gebrehiwot Gebreslassie1, Halefom G Desta2, Yingchao Dong3

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Water Research
|August 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Membrane separation technology offers a sustainable solution for recovering valuable metals from wastewater, reducing chemical and energy use. This review explores advanced membrane techniques for efficient metal recovery and their economic viability.

Keywords:
Economic sustainabilityMembrane processMembrane technologyResource recoveryWastewater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Sustainable recovery of high-value metals from wastewater is crucial for the circular economy and environmental protection.
  • Conventional methods often involve high chemical or energy consumption, posing environmental challenges.
  • Membrane separation technology presents an attractive, sustainable alternative for valuable metal recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in membrane-based technologies for recovering high-value metals from wastewater.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, engineering applications, and economic sustainability of these membrane technologies.
  • To provide an overview of techno-economic viability and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pressure-based membranes, liquid membranes, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis.
  • Discussion of membrane-based hybrid technologies for metal recovery.
  • Analysis of engineering applications and economic sustainability of membrane-based recovery.

Main Results:

  • Membrane technologies show significant potential for sustainable and efficient recovery of metals like silver, gold, and platinum from wastewater.
  • Various membrane types and hybrid systems offer distinct mechanisms for targeting specific high-value metals.
  • Engineering applications and economic assessments indicate the feasibility of these technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane separation is a key technology for sustainable high-value metal recovery from wastewater.
  • Further research into techno-economic viability and optimization of membrane processes is recommended.
  • Future directions include developing advanced membrane materials and integrated systems for enhanced efficiency.