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Adipose tissue in older individuals: a contributing factor to sarcopenia
Tiantian Wang1, Dong Zhou1, Zhen Hong1
1Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|August 11, 2024
Summary
Sarcopenia, a muscle decline in aging, is linked to fat tissue changes, gut microbes, and inflammation. New therapies targeting these factors may improve health in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Metabolism
- Immunology
Background:
- Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome of muscle functional decline, significantly impacts elderly health.
- Age-related inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are increasingly recognized as key drivers of sarcopenia.
- Interactions between adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota are implicated in sarcopenia development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the relationship between adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and sarcopenia.
- To investigate the roles of cellular senescence, gut dysbiosis, and inflammation in age-related muscle loss.
- To identify novel therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on sarcopenia, adipose tissue, and inflammation.
- Analysis of the impact of aging, obesity, and gut microbiota on sarcopenia.
- Exploration of molecular mechanisms involving adipokines, senescent cells, and microbial imbalances.
Main Results:
- Cellular senescence in adipose and muscle tissue, along with gut dysbiosis, contributes to inflammation and sarcopenia.
- Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, influencing muscle health through secreted molecules (adipokines).
- Age-related sarcopenia and adipose tissue dysfunction are characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.
Conclusions:
- Novel therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia may involve targeting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and senolytics.
- Combined approaches using antidiabetic drugs with probiotics and prebiotics show promise.
- Mitigating inflammation and metabolic dysfunction through targeted therapies is crucial for combating sarcopenia.
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