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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

196
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
196
Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

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In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
622

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water
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Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

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Modelling passive sampling of hydrophilic compounds under time-variable aqueous concentrations.

Benjamin Becker1, Christian Kochleus2, Denise Spira2

  • 1Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany. benjamin.becker@bafg.de.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|August 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Passive samplers effectively capture hydrophilic organic compounds in water, even with intermittent emissions. Silicone and SDB-RPS samplers with membranes performed best, showing adequate time-integrative capabilities for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
BiofoulingDiffusion modelFlow effectsPassive samplingPeak eventsSDB-RPSSampling rate modelSilicone

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Aquatic Science

Background:

  • Passive sampling is vital for assessing hydrophilic organic compounds in aquatic environments.
  • Understanding passive sampler performance with intermittent emissions is crucial but limited.
  • Time-variable concentrations pose challenges for accurate environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of passive samplers under time-variable concentrations.
  • To compare silicone sheets and SDB-RPS disks (with/without membranes) for capturing intermittent emissions.
  • To assess the adequacy of sampling rate and diffusion models for analyzing passive sampling data.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-field experiments were conducted in a 31 m³ flume with varying flow velocities.
  • Silicone sheets and SDB-RPS disks (with/without polyethersulfone membranes) were exposed to fluctuating concentrations.
  • Data were analyzed using sampling rate and diffusion models to account for time-variable concentrations.

Main Results:

  • The diffusion model provided a slightly better fit than the sampling rate model, though differences were small.
  • SDB-RPS samplers with a polyethersulfone membrane exhibited the best performance, with narrower sampling rate ranges.
  • Biofouling effects were consistent across compounds, equivalent to a 150 µm layer.

Conclusions:

  • Passive samplers, particularly SDB-RPS with membranes, adequately capture hydrophilic organic compounds despite intermittent emissions.
  • The sampling rate model is sufficient for evaluating the time-integrative capabilities of these samplers.
  • Further research can refine understanding of passive sampling in dynamic aquatic systems.