Recycling Spent Ternary Cathodes to Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for Pure Water Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolysis

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to efficient water-splitting electrocatalysts is a promising and sustainable technology route for green hydrogen production by renewables. In this work, a fluorinated ternary metal oxide (F-TMO) derived from spent LIBs was successfully converted to a robust water oxidation catalyst for pure water electrolysis by utilizing an anion-exchange membrane. The optimized catalyst delivered a high current density of 3.0 A cm^-2 at only 2.56 V and a durability of >300 h at 0.5 A cm^-2, surpassing the noble-metal IrO₂ catalyst. Such excellent performance benefits from an artificially endowed interface layer on the F-TMO, which renders the exposure of active metal (oxy)hydroxide sites with a stabilized configuration during pure water operation. Compared to other metal oxides (i.e., NiO, Co₃O₄, MnO₂), F-TMO possesses a higher stability number of 2.4 × 10⁶, indicating its strong potential for industrial applications. This work provides a feasible way of recycling waste LIBs to valuable electrocatalysts.