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The MIND diet, brain transcriptomic alterations, and dementia.

Jun Li1,2, Ana W Capuano3,4, Puja Agarwal3,5

  • 1Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A healthy diet, like the MIND diet, is linked to a unique brain gene expression profile. This profile is associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced dementia risk in older adults.

Keywords:
Mediterranean‐Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietagingcognitive declinecortical gene expressiondementiahealthy dietary patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Dietary patterns significantly influence dementia risk, yet the underlying molecular pathways remain largely unelucidated.
  • Understanding the biological mechanisms connecting diet and brain health is crucial for developing effective dementia prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a brain transcriptomic profile associated with adherence to the MIND diet (Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay).
  • To investigate the association between this diet-correlated transcriptomic profile and cognitive health trajectories, including global cognition and dementia risk, in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing data from post-mortem prefrontal cortex of 1204 participants from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project.
  • Identification of a 50-gene transcriptomic signature correlated with the MIND diet score in 482 individuals.
  • Examination of the association between this transcriptomic profile score and cognitive decline and dementia incidence in the remaining 722 participants.

Main Results:

  • A significant transcriptomic profile of 50 genes was identified and correlated with the MIND diet score (p=0.001).
  • Higher transcriptomic profile scores were associated with slower annual decline in global cognition (β=0.011, p=0.003) and reduced odds of dementia (OR=0.76, p=0.0002).
  • Gene expression of TCIM and IGSF5 potentially mediated the relationship between the MIND diet and dementia.

Conclusions:

  • A brain transcriptomic profile linked to healthy dietary patterns, specifically the MIND diet, has been identified.
  • This profile is associated with better cognitive health and may reveal novel genes influencing cognitive aging and dementia risk.
  • Further research is needed to confirm causality and explore the functional roles of the identified genes in mediating diet-brain interactions.