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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II
08:23

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Zero-Biased Bionic Fingertip E-Skin with Multimodal Tactile Perception and Artificial Intelligence for Augmented

Xinge Guo1,2,3, Zhongda Sun1,2,4, Yao Zhu3

  • 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New electronic skins (E-Skins) integrate two novel sensors, transient voltage artificial neuron (TVAN) and sustained potential artificial neuron (SPAN), for comprehensive tactile perception in robotics and wearables.

Keywords:
E‐skinmultimodal sensorself‐powered sensingtactiletriboelectric

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Electronic skins (E-Skins) are vital for advanced robotics and wearables, enabling real-world interaction.
  • Existing E-Skins struggle with comprehensive tactile perception and multi-functional capabilities due to single-mode sensing and system complexity.
  • The need for simplified, multimodal sensing in a single unit is critical for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel E-Skin with synergistic multimodal sensing capabilities using a single sensor unit.
  • To overcome the limitations of complex sensor arrays and achieve holistic touch awareness.
  • To demonstrate the E-Skin's ability to perceive various physical properties like vibration, material, texture, pressure, and temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two novel tactile sensors: transient voltage artificial neuron (TVAN) and sustained potential artificial neuron (SPAN), both featuring self-generated zero-biased signals.
  • Integration of TVAN and SPAN into a single E-Skin unit for synergistic multimodal sensing.
  • Application of machine learning with feature fusion to decode sensor outputs and compensate for real-world application instabilities.

Main Results:

  • The integrated E-Skin achieves holistic touch awareness in a single unit, eliminating the need for complex sensor arrays.
  • Demonstrated capability to discern surface roughness (0.8–1600 µm), hardness (6HA–85HD), and distinguish 16 objects with varying temperatures (0–80 °C).
  • The E-skin exhibits robust performance without strictly controlled testing conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed E-Skin offers a simplified yet highly capable solution for multimodal tactile sensing.
  • Its simple and scalable fabrication process facilitates integration into diverse robotic and wearable devices.
  • This technology advances the potential for sophisticated human-robot interaction and advanced wearable systems.