Study of the association between thyroid dysfunction and serum lipid abnormalities

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is increasing, often leading to unfavorable alterations in lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and examine its effects on serum lipid profiles among Jordanians. A total of 228 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups: patients with thyroid dysfunction (n=178, mean age=52.6±9.8 years) and a control group (n=50, mean age=51.7±9.2 years). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine 4, free triiodothyronine 3, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Results showed that thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed in 75% of participants, with an increased frequency among females. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 17.4%, subclinical hypothyroidism was 43.8%, overt hyperthyroidism was 18.4% and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 20.4%. There was a significant association between hypothyroidism and elevated TC (>200 mg/dl), LDL (>130 mg/dl) and TG (>200 mg/dl; P<0.05). Among the hypothyroid patients, 48.4% had hypercholesterolemia and 32.3% had hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, public screening and education are necessary to combat thyroid dysfunction. There is a notable link between thyroid dysfunction and lipid abnormalities, necessitating regular monitoring for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease in affected patients.