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Updated: Jun 17, 2025
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In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
Published on: January 15, 2015
59.3K
Using DeepLabCut-Live to probe state dependent neural circuits of behavior with closed-loop optogenetic stimulation.
Melissa Gonzalez1,2,3, Mark A Gradwell1,2, Joshua K Thackray1,2,4
1Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 12, 2024
Summary
We developed a closed-loop optogenetic system using DeepLabCut-Live to precisely control sensory neuron activity during mouse locomotion. This method reveals how specific movement phases influence spinal cord sensorimotor responses.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biotechnology
- Locomotion research
Background:
- Studying real-time neural circuits controlling behavior is crucial.
- Limitations in molecular tools hinder real-time manipulation of spinal circuits for locomotion studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel closed-loop system for real-time manipulation of spinal cord circuits during locomotion.
- To investigate the role of sensory feedback in state-dependent locomotor control.
Main Methods:
- Developed a closed-loop optogenetic stimulation paradigm integrating DeepLabCut-Live pose estimation.
- Trained a compact DeepLabCut model for real-time hindlimb kinematics tracking.
- Used Bonsai visual programming to trigger LED photo-stimulation of channelrhodopsin-expressing neurons based on pose criteria.
Main Results:
- Optogenetic activation of TRPV1+ sensory neurons during locomotion evoked phase-dependent paw withdrawal responses.
- Stimulation during stance caused brief withdrawal; stimulation during swing elicited prolonged responses, suggesting corrective reflexes.
Conclusions:
- This technique enables high spatiotemporal precision in manipulating spinal circuits based on locomotor phase.
- The closed-loop system addresses the state-dependent nature of sensorimotor responses.
- Integrating pose estimation with optogenetics offers a powerful tool for dissecting locomotion control and sensory feedback mechanisms.
