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Temporary left heart bypass and total artificial replacement
Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie
|January 1, 1985
Summary
Research on artificial hearts and left heart assistance devices has advanced significantly since the 1960s. Current polyurethane pumps show promise, but material issues like thrombosis and calcification remain challenges.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Left heart assistance research began in Berlin in the 1960s using implantable pumps.
- Total artificial heart research commenced in 1962, evolving to polyurethane pump designs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical development and current status of left heart assistance and total artificial heart technologies.
- To discuss the challenges and potential patient applications for these cardiac support systems.
Main Methods:
- Development of implantable blood pumps from various materials, with recent focus on polyurethanes.
- Utilizing external driving units connected to major இரத்த நாளங்கள் (blood vessels) and cardiac chambers.
- Conducting extensive hemodynamic, hematologic, biochemical, and metabolic analyses.
Main Results:
- Current total artificial heart systems use polyurethane pumps with membrane-divided chambers, achieving over 2 years of testing function time.
- Longest animal survival times exceed 200 days.
- Material degradation, fabrication flaws, and biodegradation are identified as primary causes of complications like thrombosis and calcification.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in artificial heart and left heart assistance technology.
- Material science and fabrication quality are critical for long-term device function and patient survival.
- The number of patients suitable for temporary or total cardiac replacement requires careful consideration.