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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

383
The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Mass Isolation and In Vitro Cultivation of Intramolluscan Stages of the Human Blood Fluke Schistosoma Mansoni
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Liver Fluke Infection Throughout Human Evolution.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Human liver flukes are zoonotic parasites. Their spread and human infection risk evolved over millions of years due to human-animal interactions and environmental changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Archaeology

Background:

  • Human liver flukes are zoonotic parasites shared with animals.
  • Human-environment and human-animal interactions influenced infection risk over millions of years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe liver fluke species infecting humans and their health consequences.
  • To estimate the timing and locations of human ancestor exposure to liver flukes.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and spread of major liver fluke species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fluke species endemicity to estimate historical exposure.
  • DNA evidence to determine evolutionary origins.
  • Archaeological evidence to establish historical prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Liver flukes spread from wild animals (hunter-gatherers) and later farm animals (agriculture).
  • Human activity and migration have significantly influenced the global distribution of endemic liver flukes.
  • Some fluke species have a worldwide spread, while others are geographically restricted by intermediate hosts.

Conclusions:

  • Human-animal interactions and environmental changes have shaped liver fluke infections throughout history.
  • Human activities, including migration and agriculture, are key drivers in the current distribution of liver flukes.
  • Understanding the evolutionary history and spread of liver flukes is crucial for public health.