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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

ADSC-sheet Transplantation to Prevent Stricture after Extended Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
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Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Sumeyye Yilmaz1, Emre Gorgun1

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced endoscopic resection techniques like endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offer higher en bloc resection rates for colorectal polyps compared to conventional methods, reducing surgery needs. ESD is particularly effective for larger polyps and early-stage cancers.

Keywords:
advanced endoscopic resectioncolonic polypendoscopic mucosal resectionendoscopic submucosal dissection

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Conventional polypectomy is suitable for a limited percentage of colorectal polyps.
  • Advanced endoscopic resection techniques offer improved outcomes over conventional methods.
  • These advanced techniques help patients avoid surgical complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of advanced endoscopic resection techniques, specifically endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
  • To evaluate en bloc resection rates, recurrence rates, and indications for ESD in treating colorectal polyps and early-stage cancers.

Main Methods:

  • EMR involves snare resection after submucosal injection and elevation.
  • ESD includes marking, submucosal injection, incision, and dissection for larger or more complex lesions.
  • Complications such as bleeding and perforation are managed with endoscopic clipping and coagulation.

Main Results:

  • En bloc resection rates for EMR range from 44.5% to 63%, while ESD achieves 87.9% to 96%.
  • Recurrence rates are higher with EMR (7.4%–17%) compared to ESD (0.9%–2%).
  • ESD is effective for intramucosal carcinomas and those with limited submucosal invasion (<1000 μm) under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • ESD is recommended for polyps >20mm and selected early-stage colorectal cancers.
  • ESD demonstrates superior en bloc resection and lower recurrence rates compared to EMR.
  • ESD is a viable alternative to surgery for specific invasive carcinomas, achieving high success rates with negative margins.