Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2025
06:18
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
12.2K
COVID-19 vaccination and postmenopausal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study
Lucía Pastor-Goutherot1, Ester Miralpeix1,2, Berta Fabregó2
1Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
|August 12, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 vaccination is linked to a higher prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). However, the vaccine did not increase endometrial cancer risk, though endometrial biopsy is recommended for any PMB.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Reproductive Health
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Menstrual irregularities have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination.
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on postmenopausal women, specifically regarding postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), remains largely unknown.
- Understanding potential side effects of widespread vaccination programs is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) in women after receiving COVID-19 vaccination.
- To analyze the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the occurrence of PMB in a postmenopausal cohort.
- To evaluate endometrial pathology in relation to vaccination status and PMB.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study included 381 postmenopausal women, categorized into vaccinated (n=91) and unvaccinated (n=290) groups.
- Data were collected between February 2021 and January 2022, with PMB defined as bleeding occurring more than 30 days post-vaccination.
- Statistical analyses, including univariable and multivariable regression, were performed to identify risk factors for PMB.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of PMB was significantly higher in the vaccinated group (75.8%) compared to the unvaccinated group (59.0%) (p < 0.005).
- No statistically significant increase in malignant endometrial pathology was observed in the vaccinated group (p = 0.189).
- Multivariable analysis identified COVID-19 vaccination and malignant endometrial biopsy as independent risk variables for PMB.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 vaccination is associated with an increased prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding.
- While vaccination did not correlate with an increased risk of malignant endometrial pathology, PMB necessitates further investigation.
- Endometrial biopsy remains a critical diagnostic tool for evaluating postmenopausal bleeding, irrespective of vaccination status.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:28Menopause
146
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
146
01:24Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
340
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
340
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
124
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
124