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Hymenoptera venom allergy in children and adolescents

Francesca Norelli1, Valentina Gueli1, Patrizia Bonadonna2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Verona.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|August 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Hymenoptera venom allergy is a significant cause of anaphylaxis in children, impacting quality of life. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only effective treatment to prevent severe reactions from future stings.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Immunotherapy Research

Background:

  • Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is a notable cause of anaphylaxis in pediatric populations.
  • Allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venom significantly affect children's quality of life.
  • Existing research on HVA in children and adolescents remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current data on Hymenoptera venom allergy in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight key studies concerning venom immunotherapy (VIT) and its prognostic outcomes in children.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of HVA in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published data on Hymenoptera venom allergy in children and adolescents.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols, safety, and efficacy.
  • Synthesis of information on incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches for HVA in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Hymenoptera venom allergy is the second leading cause of anaphylaxis in children.
  • Cutaneous reactions are most common, with a generally more favorable prognosis compared to adults.
  • Factors influencing reaction severity include age, sex, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the sole therapeutic intervention capable of altering the natural course of HVA and preventing systemic reactions.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management, including VIT, are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric HVA.
  • Further research is warranted to expand the understanding and treatment strategies for HVA in children and adolescents.
Abstract

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