Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Rectangular and Triangular Pulse Function

Rectangular and Triangular Pulse Function

The unit rectangular pulse function is mathematically represented by a rectangular function centered at the origin with a height of one unit. This function is defined by two parameters: T, which specifies the center location of the pulse along the time axis, and τ, which determines the pulse duration.
For example, consider a rectangular pulse with a 5V amplitude, a 3-second duration, and centered at t=2 seconds. This pulse can be expressed using the rectangular function, written as,

Convergence of Fourier Series

Convergence of Fourier Series

The Fourier series is a powerful mathematical tool for representing periodic signals as an infinite sum of complex exponentials. In practice, this infinite series is truncated to a finite number of terms, yielding a partial sum. This truncation makes the approximation of the signal feasible but introduces certain challenges, particularly near discontinuities, known as the Gibbs phenomenon.
The Gibbs phenomenon refers to the persistent oscillations and overshoots that occur near discontinuities...

Areas Within Irregular Boundaries

Areas Within Irregular Boundaries

Calculating areas within irregular boundaries, such as along rivers or curved roads, is crucial in various fields, including surveying, engineering, and environmental management. Surveyors often begin by creating a traverse, a connected series of straight lines approximating the area's boundary. The coordinates of each traverse point are essential for calculating the enclosed area. The double meridian distance formula is a widely used technique for this purpose. This method utilizes the...

Continuous -time Fourier Transform

Continuous -time Fourier Transform

The Fourier series is instrumental in representing periodic functions, offering a powerful method to decompose such functions into a sum of sinusoids. This technique, however, necessitates modification when applied to nonperiodic functions. Consider a pulse-train waveform consisting of a series of rectangular pulses. When these pulses have a finite period, they can be accurately represented by a Fourier series. Yet, as the period approaches infinity, resulting in a single, isolated pulse, the...

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

The Region of Convergence (ROC) is a fundamental concept in signal processing and system analysis, particularly associated with the Laplace transform. The ROC represents an area in the complex plane where the Laplace transform of a given signal converges, determining the transform's applicability and utility.
Consider a decaying exponential signal that begins at a specific time. When deriving its Laplace transform, the time-domain variable is replaced with a complex variable. This...

Convolution: Math, Graphics, and Discrete Signals

Convolution: Math, Graphics, and Discrete Signals

In any LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system, the convolution of two signals is denoted using a convolution operator, assuming all initial conditions are zero. The convolution integral can be divided into two parts: the zero-input or natural response and the zero-state or forced response, with t0 indicating the initial time.
To simplify the convolution integral, it is assumed that both the input signal and impulse response are zero for negative time values. The graphical convolution process...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same journal

Trap tales: The influence of red alder stand conditions and forest fragmentation on family-level beetle bycatch diversity.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

MamNet-PT: A Mamba-enhanced hybrid architecture with selective state-space modeling for uncertainty-aware brain tumor segmentation.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Multicenter evaluation of BACT-Info. and an infection algorithm using Urine Flow Cytometry among clinically diagnosed UTI patients in Indonesia.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties study of Prolonged Grief Disorder Questionnaire (PG-12-R) for caregivers of terminal cancer patients, Thai version.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Design and in silico validation of donor DNA for RNA-guided recombinase-mediated knockout of mstnb gene in Labeo rohita.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

ViT-MultiRAGNet: A scalable and reliable retrieval-augmented Vision Transformer framework for memory-guided feature fusion multi-modal mammogram classification.

PloS one·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

ACM and rectangular images: Overlapping partitions, implementation, and periodicity analysis.

Anthony O'Dea¹

¹Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America.

|August 12, 2024

Summary

This study introduces overlapping Arnold Cat Map (OACM) to enhance image encryption by increasing periodicity and enabling non-square image processing. OACM offers improved security against cryptographic attacks.

More Related Videos

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Published on: September 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Published on: September 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Cryptography
Image Processing
Applied Mathematics

Background:

Arnold Cat Map (ACM) is a chaotic map widely used in image encryption due to its pixel permutation capabilities.
Standard ACM suffers from low periodicity and is typically limited to square images, reducing key-space and security.
Existing research on overlapping ACM lacks detailed implementation and periodicity analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the limitations of Arnold Cat Map (ACM) in image encryption.
To propose and analyze a novel method called overlapping ACM (OACM) for enhanced image encryption.
To introduce a simple symmetric encryption system utilizing OACM.

Main Methods:

Implementing ACM on overlapping square partitions to cover entire images.
Conducting a detailed analysis of the periodicity of the proposed OACM system.
Developing and testing a simple symmetric encryption scheme based on OACM.

Main Results:

OACM significantly increases the image period compared to standard ACM.
The proposed encryption system demonstrates reasonable performance in permutation and diffusion.
Histogram and sensitivity analyses suggest security against common cryptographic attacks.

Conclusions:

OACM effectively overcomes the low periodicity and square image limitations of standard ACM.
The proposed OACM-based encryption system shows potential for image security applications.
Further research is warranted to develop more sophisticated encryption schemes using OACM.