Understanding the design differences between multisegmented foot models and their impact on joint kinetic outcomes.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Human Movement Analysis
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Multisegmented foot models (MSFMs) offer detailed foot region data, unlike rigid segment models.
• Previous research highlights kinematic variations between MSFMs, but kinetic analysis implications are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare kinetic outcomes (joint moment and power) across four distinct MSFMs.
• To evaluate the influence of differing MSFM segment definitions on kinetic data during gait.

Main Methods:

• Motion capture data from young adult runners during barefoot walking and jogging stance phase.
• Comparison of tibiotalar, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joint kinetics using Oxford, Milwaukee, Ghent, and Vogel MSFMs.
• Statistical parametric mapping to compare kinetic data against the Oxford MSFM.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in joint moment and power were observed between the four MSFMs.
• Variations in segment definitions within MSFMs alter joint degrees of freedom, impacting kinematic and subsequent kinetic measurements.
• The Oxford, Milwaukee, Vogel, and Ghent Foot Models produced non-concordant kinetic results.

Conclusions:

• MSFM segment definitions critically influence kinetic analysis outcomes.
• Researchers and clinicians must acknowledge MSFM variability when interpreting gait and foot motion data.
• Standardization or clear reporting of MSFM choice is needed for reliable kinetic analysis in biomechanics.