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Negative prior aquatic experiences and children's aquatic competency: Do parent perceptions differ from reality?
Hannah L M Calverley1,2, Lauren A Petrass3, Loretta Konjarski4
1Life Saving Victoria, Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Summary
Many children lack aquatic competence due to negative prior aquatic experiences (NPAE). Addressing both parent and child views on NPAE is crucial for effective swim teaching and drowning prevention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Aquatic Safety
- Child Development
Background:
- Childhood drowning remains a concern, with many children in Victoria, Australia, not meeting aquatic competency benchmarks despite program participation.
- Negative prior aquatic experiences (NPAE) are a potential, yet under-researched, factor influencing aquatic competency development in children.
- Existing research on children's NPAE often overlooks the child's perspective, focusing primarily on parental perceptions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of negative prior aquatic experiences (NPAE) on children's aquatic competency.
- To explore the concordance between parent and child perceptions of NPAE.
- To inform tailored aquatic education strategies by understanding children's experiences with NPAE.
Main Methods:
- Surveys administered to parents and children (aged 10-12 years) to gather background and NPAE data.
- Aquatic competency assessments conducted for children against established benchmark standards.
- Statistical analysis (chi-square tests) and thematic analysis used to examine relationships between NPAE and competency, and to categorize perceptions of NPAE.
Main Results:
- A significant discrepancy exists between parent (82.9% reporting no NPAE) and child (51.0% reporting no NPAE) reports of negative prior aquatic experiences.
- Children reporting NPAE frequently associated incidents with near-drowning events, particularly in pools and during underwater submersion.
- Parent-reported NPAE correlated with lower achievement in knowledge, continuous swimming, and survival competencies, while child-reported NPAE was linked to poorer underwater competency outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Acknowledging the differing perspectives of parents and children on NPAE is vital for supporting aquatic competency development.
- Practitioners can leverage NPAE data to customize swim teaching methods, addressing specific fears and experiences, especially those occurring in swimming pools.
- Tailored approaches to NPAE can enhance the effectiveness of water safety programs and contribute to drowning prevention efforts.
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