Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

401
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
401
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

187
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
187
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

72
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
72
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

50
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
50
Depressants01:28

Depressants

106
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
106
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

112
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
112

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimized detection of caspase-6 activation in a murine inflammation model to inform neurodegenerative disease therapies.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Brain-Selective Estrogen Therapy in Male and Female Marmosets Partially Counteracts the Adverse Effects of Aromatase Inhibition on the Brain and Behavior.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Low affinity noradrenergic signaling promotes passive coping during reinforcement behavior.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Sex-dependent noradrenergic modulation of premotor cortex during decision-making.

eLife·2023
Same author

Priorities for research on neuromodulatory subcortical systems in Alzheimer's disease: Position paper from the NSS PIA of ISTAART.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2023
Same author

Locus coeruleus and dorsal cingulate morphology contributions to slowed processing speed.

Neuropsychologia·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

18.7K

Alcohol, flexible behavior, and the prefrontal cortex: Functional changes underlying impaired cognitive flexibility.

Kathryn E Nippert1, Courtney P Rowland2, Elena M Vazey3

  • 1Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.

Neuropharmacology
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral inflexibility is a key trait in alcohol use disorder (AUD), linked to prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Understanding alcohol

Keywords:
Alcohol use disorderBehavioral flexibilityPFCReversalSet shifting

More Related Videos

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.8K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

883

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

18.7K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.8K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

883

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Cognitive flexibility is crucial for adapting behavior to environmental changes.
  • Behavioral inflexibility is a common characteristic of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
  • This inflexibility is linked to disruptions in cognitive processes and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review tasks used to assess cognitive flexibility in AUD.
  • To examine the neural basis of flexibility, focusing on the PFC.
  • To consolidate findings on alcohol-induced changes in the PFC contributing to flexibility deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of tasks measuring behavioral flexibility in AUD models.
  • Analysis of studies on acute and chronic alcohol effects on flexibility in humans and animals.
  • Consolidation of research on molecular, physiological, and functional PFC changes due to alcohol.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral inflexibility is both a consequence and predictor of alcohol consumption.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in flexible behavior.
  • Alcohol exposure induces changes in the PFC that impair cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in cognitive flexibility are a significant issue in AUD, associated with PFC alterations.
  • Further research into PFC mechanisms is needed to develop effective treatments for AUD.
  • Promoting flexible behavior can reduce alcohol-related harm and improve AUD outcomes.