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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

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Analysis of Dendritic Spine Morphology in Cultured CNS Neurons
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Analysis of Neurite and Spine Formation in Neurons In Vitro.

Jenny R Diaz1,2, Martin J Sadowski3,4,5

  • 1Departments of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study details methods for quantitatively assessing neuronal development in vitro. Techniques cover dendritic arbor morphology, dendritic spine analysis, and synaptic protein expression for research on neuronal growth factors.

Keywords:
Dendritic arborDendritic spinesFIJIFluorescent microscopyImarisLaser scanning confocal microscopyNeuronal culturesSynaptic proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Primary neuronal cultures are vital for studying factors affecting neuronal development and maturation.
  • Neuronal development involves significant morphological changes, including dendritic arbor expansion, spine formation, and synaptic protein expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present methodological approaches for the quantitative assessment of in vitro cultured neurons.
  • To provide a framework for analyzing neuronal morphology and synaptic protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative assessment of dendritic arbor using anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 immunostaining and FIJI software's SNT plug-in.
  • Dendritic spine analysis via double labeling with DiI and Phalloidin iFluor448, followed by confocal microscopy.
  • Synaptic protein expression quantification using immunohistochemistry and software like FIJI and Imaris for 3D rendering.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols allow for detailed quantitative analysis of neuronal morphology.
  • Methods enable precise assessment of dendritic spine number and subtypes.
  • Quantification of presynaptic and postsynaptic protein expression is achievable with advanced imaging software.

Conclusions:

  • The described methods provide a comprehensive toolkit for researchers studying neuronal development in vitro.
  • Quantitative data on neuronal morphology and synaptic proteins can be reliably obtained using these techniques.