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Risk factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis

Chen Zhang1, Banghong Xu1, Cuiying Zhu1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is linked to pulmonary hypertension, low birth weight, and pneumonia. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving nutritional support and care for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a significant concern in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • Identifying associated factors is essential for effective treatment and care strategies.
  • Evidence-based approaches are needed to address nutritional deficits in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the associated factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • To provide evidence for optimizing the treatment and care of children suffering from malnutrition and CHD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on the PubMed database up to June 25, 2023.
  • Included studies focused on the associated factors of malnutrition in children with CHD.
  • A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to synthesize the findings.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen studies involving 8,031 children with CHD were analyzed.
  • Factors associated with growth retardation included pulmonary hypertension (OR=3.81), low birth weight (OR=2.69), and parents' height (OR=2.15).
  • Factors associated with low body weight were pulmonary hypertension (OR=3.77), low birth weight (OR=3.04), and pneumonia (OR=2.35).

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension, low birth weight, and pneumonia are key risk factors for malnutrition in children with CHD.
  • Healthcare providers must fully understand these risk factors to guide nutritional support and nursing care.
  • Strengthening nutritional interventions and enhancing care are vital for reducing malnutrition in children with CHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
carechildrencongenital heart diseasemalnutritionmanagementpaediatric

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