Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

44.2K
Overview
44.2K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

479
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
479
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

567
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
567
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

693
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
693
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

35.9K
Overview
35.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Distinct involvements of the subthalamic nucleus subpopulations in reward-biased decision-making in monkeys.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Pink1-mediated mitophagy in the endothelium releases proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA and activates neutrophil responses during inflammation.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Restraint of melanoma progression by cells in the local skin environment.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Brawn before bite in endemic Asian eutherian mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Experimental evolution to thermal stress indicates climate resilience in a cosmopolitan arthropod.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Correlates of protection against African swine fever virus identified by a systems immunology approach.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.6K

How do adjuvants enhance immune responses?

Rekha R Rapaka1,2

  • 1Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.

Elife
|August 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adjuvants modify the immune response by changing peptide antigens shown to CD4+ T cells, thereby influencing immune specificity. This highlights how adjuvants direct adaptive immunity.

Keywords:
T celladjuvantsimmunizationimmunologyinfectious diseaseinflammationmicrobiologymousevaccine

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
06:02

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination

Published on: February 23, 2024

613
Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
10:06

Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization

Published on: September 2, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.6K
Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
06:02

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination

Published on: February 23, 2024

613
Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
10:06

Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization

Published on: September 2, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • T cell biology

Background:

  • Adjuvants are critical components in vaccines, enhancing the magnitude and quality of immune responses.
  • The precise mechanisms by which adjuvants shape adaptive immunity, particularly T cell responses, are still being elucidated.
  • Understanding adjuvant effects on antigen presentation is key to designing effective vaccines.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates how adjuvants influence the presentation of peptide antigens to CD4+ T cells.
  • Altering peptide antigen presentation directly impacts the specificity of the T cell-mediated immune response.
  • Adjuvants can thus steer the immune system towards desired outcomes by modulating T cell recognition.

Key Insights:

  • Adjuvants exert control over immune response specificity by dictating which peptide antigens are recognized by CD4+ T cells.
  • This mechanism provides a novel perspective on adjuvant function beyond simple immune potentiation.
  • Targeting antigen presentation pathways offers a strategy for rational adjuvant design.

Outlook:

  • Future vaccine development can leverage this understanding to create adjuvants that elicit highly specific and protective T cell responses.
  • Further research into adjuvant-specific antigen presentation profiles will refine vaccine efficacy.
  • This work paves the way for precision vaccinology tailored to specific pathogens or diseases.