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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Thyroid hemiatrophy associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Takuya Seko1, Hiroki Kato2, Tomohiro Ando1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.

Neuroradiology
|August 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is linked to weaker contrast enhancement on CT scans. This finding, likely due to keloid-like collagen, does not impact patient prognosis.

Keywords:
AtrophyCTKeloid-like collagenPapillary carcinomaThyroid gland

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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) is a condition affecting thyroid parenchyma.
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the CT imaging features, pathological findings, and prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) associated with thyroid hemiatrophy (THA).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 225 patients with histopathologically proven PTC who underwent preoperative CT.
  • THA defined as thyroid parenchymal hemiatrophy on the ipsilateral side of PTC.
  • Comparison of CT findings, survival rates, and pathological features between patients with and without THA.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) was observed in 16% of PTC patients.
  • PTCs with THA showed significantly lower contrast-enhanced CT attenuation compared to those without THA.
  • Nearly all PTCs with THA (97%) exhibited keloid-like collagen, characterized by hypocellular, eosinophilic hyalinized collagen bundles.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) is an occasional finding in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
  • Weak contrast enhancement on CT scans is a distinct characteristic of PTC patients with THA, likely attributable to keloid-like collagen.
  • No significant differences in overall survival or disease-free survival were observed between PTC patients with and without THA.