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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Environmental factors related to multiple sclerosis progression.

Riadh Gouider1, Amira Souissi1, Saloua Mrabet1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health LR 18SP03, Razi University Hospital - Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007, Tunisia.

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Environmental and lifestyle factors significantly influence Multiple Sclerosis (MS) progression. Modifiable risks like vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and obesity accelerate disease advancement and severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a growing global neurological concern.
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors are increasingly recognized for their role in MS susceptibility and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on Multiple Sclerosis progression.
  • To highlight modifiable risk factors for improved clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on environmental factors and MS progression.
  • Analysis of associations between lifestyle choices, comorbidities, and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • Low vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, smoking, obesity, and air pollution are linked to MS progression.
  • Gestational period, microbiota alterations, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, and depression also correlate with increased disability.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable environmental and lifestyle factors significantly impact MS progression and severity.
  • Integrating knowledge of these factors into clinical practice is crucial for ameliorating disease outcomes.