Stiff gel-protected fiber-shaped supercapacitors based on CNFA/silk composite fiber with superhigh...

The development of self-powered sensors with interference-resistant detection is a priority area of research for the next generation of wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, the presence of multiple stimuli in the actual environment will result in crosstalk with the sensor, thereby hindering the ability to obtain an accurate response to a singular stimulus. Here, we present a self-powered sensor composed of silk-based conductive composite fibers (CNFA@ESF), which is capable of energy storage and sensing. The fabricated CNFA@ESF exhibits excellent mechanical performance, as well as flexibility that can withstand various deformations. The CNFA@ESF provides a good areal capacitance (44.44 mF cm^-2), high-rate capability, and excellent cycle stability (91 % for 5000 cycles). In addition, CNFA@ESF also shows good sensing performance for multiple signals including strain, temperature, and humidity. It was observed that the assembly of the symmetrical device with a stiff hydrogel surface layer for protection enabled the real-time, interference-free monitoring of temperature signals. Also, the CNFA@ESF can be woven into fabrics and integrated with a solar cell to form a self-powered sensor system, which has been proven to convert and store solar energy to power electronic watches, indicating its huge potential for future wearable electronics.