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Association of immigrant status with self-rated health in Spain: 2014-2020
Luisa N Borrell1, Nerea Lanborena2, Sara Yago-González3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Objective:
To examine inequalities in self-rated health between immigrant and native populations in 2014 and 2020, and whether these inequalities vary by sex/gender and social support.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study used information from adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the European Health Interview Survey in Spain in 2014 and 2020. Self-rated health was specified as good or bad/poor. Immigration status and length of stay were considered to specify the exposure. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in each survey. Interaction terms between immigration status and survey; and immigration status, survey, and sex/gender or social support were tested.
Results:
The adjusted analyses showed that when compared with Spanish native adults, immigrants with 6-15 years residing in Spain had a 1.34 (95%CI:1.18, 1.53) greater probability of rating their health as bad/poor in 2014. This probability was 1.48 (95%CI:1.28, 1.75) in 2020. No heterogeneity was observed for the associations of immigrant status/length of stay with self-rated health for sex/gender or social support in either survey (p-interactions for sex/gender: 0.41 and social support: 0.71).
Conclusion:
Given the growth of the immigrant population in Spain and the importance of immigration as a social determinant of health, these findings call attention to a deeper examination of inequalities, with the aim of identifying potential factors leading to bad/poor rating of health over time.
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