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  11. Relationship Between Exhaled Aerosol And Carbon Dioxide Emission Across Respiratory Activities

Relationship between Exhaled Aerosol and Carbon Dioxide Emission Across Respiratory Activities

Benjamin Moseley1, Justice Archer2, Christopher M Orton1,3,4

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, U.K.

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 13, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) is a poor indicator of respiratory particle emission during vocal activities like speaking. Vocalization loudness, not CO2 levels, primarily drives particle release, impacting disease transmission risk.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Respiratory Science
  • Infectious Disease Transmission

Background:

  • Respiratory particles are a key transmission route for pathogens.
  • Vocalization activities generate respiratory particles, but the relationship with exhaled CO2 is unclear.
  • Understanding particle emission is crucial for assessing disease transmission risk in various environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To concurrently measure exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) and respiratory particle emission during diverse human activities.
  • To evaluate the correlation between CO2 metrics (VCO2, VE) and particle emission rates during non-vocalized and vocalized activities.
  • To determine the reliability of exhaled CO2 as a surrogate for estimating respiratory particle emission.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurement of exhaled CO2 volume (VCO2) and minute ventilation (VE) with respiratory particle counts.
Keywords:
COVID-19carbon dioxidedisease transmissionindoor air aerosol

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  • Participants performed non-vocalized activities (breathing at rest, exercising) and vocalized activities (speaking, singing).
  • Analysis of correlations between CO2 parameters and particle number/mass emission rates.

    • Main Results:

    • CO2 and ventilation trends closely matched particle concentration during non-vocalized exercise.
    • Strong correlations (r=0.81 for number, r=0.84 for mass) were observed between CO2 and particle emission during non-vocalized activities.
    • Weak correlations (r=0.34 for number, r=0.12 for mass) were found during vocalization, indicating loudness is the primary driver of particle emission.

    Conclusions:

    • Exhaled CO2 is a poor surrogate for estimating respiratory particle emission during vocalization.
    • Vocalization loudness is the main factor controlling respiratory particle emission in real-world scenarios.
    • Indoor CO2 monitoring may underestimate respiratory particle concentrations and disease transmission risk.
    respiratory aerosol
    ventilation