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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to an individual's self-evaluation of their overall life satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment. This multifaceted construct is typically assessed by analyzing the balance of positive and negative emotions alongside perceptions of life satisfaction. Personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion are strongly associated with variations in SWB, offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of emotional well-being.
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Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
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Multivariate brain-cognition associations in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Bethany Little1,2, Carly Flowers1, Andrew Blamire1

  • 1Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Bipolar Disorders
|August 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit cognitive impairments in processing speed (PS) and executive function (EF). These deficits correlate with abnormal cortical thickness in specific temporal brain regions.

Keywords:
attentionbipolar disorderbrain cortical thicknesscognitive dysfunctioncognitive functioncognitive impairmentsexecutive functionmultivariate analysisneuropsychologyprocessing speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with widespread cognitive impairments.
  • Processing speed (PS), attention, and executive function (EF) are core deficits in BD.
  • Brain-cognition associations in BD are not fully understood, often limited by small sample sizes and univariate analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairments (PS, attention, EF) and structural brain abnormalities in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
  • To utilize normative modeling for robust estimation of cortical abnormalities.
  • To apply multivariate statistical methods for analyzing brain-cognition associations.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological testing of PS, attention, and EF in euthymic BD patients (n=56) and healthy controls (n=26).
  • T1-weighted MRI scans to assess cortical thickness.
  • Development of normative models using public datasets (n=5977) to identify patient-specific cortical abnormalities.
  • Canonical correlation analysis to examine multivariate brain-cognition associations, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • BD patients demonstrated significant impairments in PS, attention, and EF compared to controls.
  • Abnormal cortical thickness was observed in multiple brain regions in BD patients.
  • Impaired PS and EF were most strongly linked to reduced cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal, right entorhinal, and right temporal pole areas.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive deficits in PS, attention, and EF are present in euthymic BD and are associated with abnormal cortical thickness in temporal regions.
  • Normative modeling and multivariate approaches are valuable for studying complex brain-cognition relationships in BD.
  • Future research should explore covariation between various structural brain metrics (e.g., cortical thickness, volume, surface area).