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An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components
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Magneto-Enzymatic Microgels for Precise Hydrogel Sculpturing.

Maria C Mendes1, João A Pereira1, Ana S Silva1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for creating channels in hydrogels using magnetic microgels and enzymes. This technique enhances cell viability by improving nutrient transport, offering a simpler approach to hydrogel vascularization.

Keywords:
magnetic forcesmagneto‐enzymatic microgelsperfusable hydrogelsprotein‐enzyme pairing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hollow channels in tissue-engineered hydrogels are vital for nutrient and oxygen delivery, mimicking physiological conditions.
  • Existing bio-fabrication methods for creating these channels often involve complex equipment and lengthy procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a straightforward and efficient method for microfabricating channels within biomimetic hydrogels.
  • To improve cell viability and nutrient transport in engineered hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Collagenase and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to create enzymatically active microgels via oil bath emulsion.
  • A novel sculpturing approach combined protein-enzyme interactions and magnetic actuation to create channels in hydrogels.
  • Sculpting parameters like magnetic field intensity, MNP concentration, field position, and microgel size were varied.

Main Results:

  • The sculpting velocity was successfully controlled by adjusting magnetic field intensity and MNP concentration.
  • Diverse channel trajectories and widths were achieved by altering magnetic field position and microgel size.
  • The microfabricated channels significantly improved encapsulated cell viability due to enhanced medium transport.

Conclusions:

  • This innovative technique offers a wireless, biocompatible, and efficient method for creating controlled channels in hydrogels and soft materials.
  • The approach surpasses traditional methods, providing new avenues for hydrogel vascularization and drug delivery applications.