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Related Concept Videos

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Hooke's Law01:26

Hooke's Law

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Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

193
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
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Manual Interstructural Release Procedure Can Alter Muscle Shear Modulus.

Tomoko Yamashita1, Yasuhide Yoshitake, Hironori Watanabe2

  • 1Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, JAPAN.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|August 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interstructural release (ISR) can acutely change muscle stiffness. This study found ISR increased the shear modulus in the peroneus longus muscle, providing objective evidence of its mechanical effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical analysis of musculoskeletal tissues.
  • Exploration of manual therapy techniques.

Background:

  • Interstructural release (ISR) is theorized to reduce muscle adhesions and improve symptoms like stiffness and pain.
  • Objective data on ISR's impact on muscle mechanical properties are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of ISR on the shear modulus of adjacent skeletal muscles.
  • To test the hypothesis that ISR between synergistic muscles reduces resting shear modulus.

Main Methods:

  • Measured shear modulus of peroneus longus (PL) and soleus (SOL) muscles at varying ankle positions in nine healthy males.
  • Assessed muscle activity via surface electromyography.
  • Interventions included ISR and sham massage between the PL and SOL.

Main Results:

  • Ankle inversion increased PL shear modulus and decreased SOL shear modulus.
  • ISR acutely increased proximal PL shear modulus by 11.4% in the most inverted position (P <0.001).
  • No significant changes were observed after sham intervention, and electromyography showed no altered muscle activity.

Conclusions:

  • ISR procedure can acutely modify the shear modulus of resting muscle tissue.
  • Provides objective evidence supporting ISR's mechanical influence on skeletal muscles.