Biosolids Treated as a Nutritional Alternative for in vitro Culture of Bowdichia Virgilioides Kunth

The safe management of sewage waste is a current concern due to population growth and waste production. Biosolids, derived from sewage sludge treatment, are globally used as organic fertilizers, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 6 for resource recycling. However, biosafety concerns arise due to the presence of metals and microplastics in biosolids, potentially impacting soil and water. This study investigated biosolids' use for in vitro cultivation of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. Results indicate that while biosolids can replace traditional nutritional media, balancing their concentration is crucial for optimizing plant growth. The WPM (Wood Plat Medium) remains essential for in vitro cultivation, but substituting it with biosolids at concentrations of up to 2 g L^- 1 is feasible, providing similar plant development compared to the WPM medium. However, when combined, there is a complex and challenging interaction between biosolids and the culture medium.