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Xenotransplantation - a shortcut to construct tissue complexity in organoids
Yuan Yuan1, Yixuan Wang2, Yun Xia2
1Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|August 14, 2024
Summary
Human organoids offer insights into human biology but lack complex features. Xenotransplantation is a promising method to enhance organoid complexity and better model human diseases.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical research
- Stem cell biology
- Organoid technology
Background:
- Human biology knowledge heavily relies on animal models, posing challenges due to interspecies differences.
- Organoids, derived from stem cells, mimic human organ structures but often lack vasculature, neurons, and immune cells.
- These limitations restrict organoids' ability to fully replicate complex human pathophysiological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore advancements in creating more complex organoids.
- To highlight xenotransplantation as a method for improving organoid models.
- To discuss the potential of enhanced organoids in studying human-specific diseases.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing pluripotent and adult stem cells to generate three-dimensional organoids.
- Investigating xenotransplantation techniques to incorporate missing cellular components.
- Analyzing the self-organization of stem cells into organ-like structures.
Main Results:
- Human organoids enable the study of human-specific pathophysiology.
- Current organoid models often lack essential organ-specific vasculature, neurons, and immune cells.
- Xenotransplantation emerges as a key strategy to overcome these limitations.
Conclusions:
- Organoid technology holds significant promise for advancing human biology research.
- Addressing the complexity limitations of organoids is crucial for their clinical application.
- Xenotransplantation offers a viable approach to enhance organoid models for disease research.
