Optimizing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by rationally constructing S-scheme heterojunction to...

The research in the field of photocatalysis has progressed, with the development of heterojunctions being recognized as an effective method to improve carrier separation efficiency in light-induced processes. In this particular study, CuCo₂S₄ particles were attached to a new cubic CdS surface to create an S-scheme heterojunction, thus successfully addressing this issue. Specifically, owing to the higher conduction band and Fermi level of CuCo₂S₄ compared to CdS, they serve as the foundation and driving force for the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction. Through in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, the direction of charge transfer in the composite photocatalyst under light exposure was determined, confirming the charge transfer mechanism of the S-scheme heterojunction. By effectively constructing the S-scheme heterojunction, the d-band center of the composite photocatalyst was adjusted, reducing the energy needed for electron filling in the anti-bonding energy band, promoting the transfer of photogenerated carriers, and ultimately enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production. performance. After optimization, the hydrogen evolution activity of the composite photocatalyst CdS-C/CuCo₂S₄-3 reached 5818.9 μmol g^-1h^-1, which is 2.6 times higher than that of cubic CdS (2272.3 μmol g^-1h^-1) and 327.4 times higher than that of CuCo₂S₄ (17.8 μmol g^-1h^-1), showcasing exceptional photocatalytic activity. Electron paramagnetic resonance and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have established a theoretical basis for designing and constructing S-scheme heterojunctions, offering a viable method for adjusting the D-band center to enhance the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.