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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Published on: March 17, 2023

Nootkatone (NK), a grapefruit-derived aromatic compound, inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating JAK2-STAT

Ye-Lim You¹, Hyeon-Son Choi¹

¹Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea.

Food Science and Biotechnology

|August 15, 2024

Abstract:

Nootkatone (NK) is an aromatic compound derived from grapefruit. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of NK on lipid accumulation and its underlying mechanism in adipocytes. NK effectively inhibited adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating C/EBPα and PPARγ, while upregulating KLF2, an early inhibitory factor, downregulating C/EBPβ, an early promoting factor. In addition, NK inhibited the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 in the early adipogenic stage. NK significantly reduced ROS generation while elevating antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase. It activated NRF2-HO-1 signaling, responsible for antioxidant response, by increasing protein levels. Furthermore, NK regulated adipokines, increasing adiponectin and visfatin, while downregulating resistin. Collectively, NK inhibited adipogenic lipid accumulation through the suppression of JAK2-STAT signaling and the augmentation of antioxidant response. This study highlights the potential of NK as an edible agent to alleviate obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

Supplementary Information:

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-024-01522-2.

Keywords:

Adipogenesis Antioxidant response JAK2-STAT signaling NRF2-HO-1 signaling Nootkatone

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