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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Viral replication organelles: the highly complex and programmed replication machinery.

Hao Deng1, Hongwei Cao1, Yanjin Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral infections create replication organelles (ROs) for genome copying. This review highlights key viral replicases within ROs and advances in antiviral drugs targeting them for future strategies.

Keywords:
DNA sliding clampantiviral drugsviral DNA ligaseviral helicaseviral polymeraseviral replication organelles

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Viral infections rearrange host cell structures to form replication organelles (ROs).
  • Viral replicases (polymerases, helicases, ligases) are essential for genome replication within ROs.
  • These replicases are critical targets for antiviral drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key viral replicases found in replication organelles.
  • To highlight advancements in antiviral drugs targeting these crucial viral enzymes.
  • To provide insights for future antiviral drug development strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral replication mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies on viral replicases and their functions.
  • Survey of current and emerging antiviral drugs targeting viral replicases.

Main Results:

  • Identification of essential viral replicases (polymerases, helicases, ligases) within ROs.
  • Overview of drug development progress targeting these viral enzymes.
  • Discussion of the potential of targeting viral replicases for novel antiviral therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Viral replicases within ROs are vital for viral replication and effective drug targets.
  • Targeting viral replicases offers a promising avenue for developing new antiviral strategies.
  • Continued research into viral replicases and drug development is crucial for combating viral infections.