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Temporal Dynamics of Positive and Negative Affect in Adolescents: Associations with Depressive Disorders and Risk
George Abitante1, David A Cole1, Christian Bean1
1Vanderbilt University.
Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
|August 15, 2024
Summary
Depressed adolescents exhibit altered positive and negative affect dynamics, including increased inertia and variability. However, no significant differences were found between higher-risk and lower-risk adolescents without depression.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Affective Science
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Depression in adults is linked to altered affective dynamics, specifically heightened inertia and variability.
- Understanding affective dynamics in at-risk youth is crucial for early detection and intervention.
- Limited research exists on affect dynamics in adolescents with varying depression risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between clinical depression and depression risk with affective inertia and variability in adolescents.
- To compare affect dynamics across three groups: lower-risk, higher-risk (maternal history), and currently depressed adolescents.
- To examine positive and negative affect dynamics in daily life.
Main Methods:
- Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) administered up to seven times daily for one week to 147 adolescents (aged 14-17).
- Participants categorized into: never-depressed lower-risk, never-depressed higher-risk, and currently depressed groups.
- Multilevel models and ANOVAs used to analyze affective inertia and variability, controlling for average affect.
Main Results:
- Currently depressed adolescents displayed more inert and diminished positive affect, and more variable and elevated negative affect compared to risk groups.
- These associations between depression and affect dynamics were attenuated after controlling for average affect levels.
- No significant differences in affect dynamics were found between never-depressed higher-risk and lower-risk adolescent groups.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent depression is associated with altered positive and negative affect dynamics, characterized by inertia and variability.
- Affective dynamics differences between depressed and non-depressed adolescents may be partly explained by overall affect levels.
- Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine if altered affect dynamics precede depression onset and inform preventive strategies.
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