Highlighting the South Asian Heart Failure Epidemic

Heart failure (HF) remains a progressive syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and accounts for many hospitalisations globally with a downstream impact of increasing healthcare costs. South Asian individuals account for most of the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this systematic review, a literature search was performed for all studies focusing on South Asians and HF using PubMed as the primary research tool and citations were included from relevant MEDLINE-indexed journals. Upon identification of relevant studies, pertinent data points were extracted systematically from each eligible study. South Asians have an earlier age of onset of many non-communicable diseases compared to other ethnic groups worldwide, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the large number of South Asians impacted by CVD and both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD, HF has the potential to become an epidemic among South Asians across the world. Individuals of South Asian origin are at elevated risk for CVD compared to many other populations and should be followed closely for the potential development of HF. This review describes what is unique to South Asian individuals at risk for and with established HF, as well as management and prognostic considerations. Future directions and potential policy changes are highlighted that can reduce the HF burden among South Asians globally.