Cortical and Subcortical Structural Morphometric Profiles in Individuals with Nonaffective and Affective Early...

Research has found strong evidence for common and distinct morphometric brain abnormality profiles in nonaffective psychosis (NAff-P) and affective psychosis (Aff-P). Due to chronicity and prolonged medication exposure confounds, it is crucial to examine structural morphometry early in the course of psychosis. Using Human Connectome Project-Early Psychosis data, multivariate profile analyses were implemented to examine regional profiles for cortical thickness, cortical surface area, subcortical volume, and ventricular volume in healthy control (HC; n = 56), early illness NAff-P (n = 83), and Aff-P (n = 30) groups after accounting for normal aging. Associations with symptom severity, functioning, and cognition were also examined. Group regional profiles were significantly nonparallel and differed in level for cortical thickness (P < .001), with NAff-P having widespread cortical thinning relative to HC and Aff-P and some regions showing greater deficits than others. Significant nonparallelism of group regional profiles was also evident for cortical surface area (P < .006), with Aff-P and N-Aff-P differing from HC and from each other (P < .001). For subcortical volume, there was significant profile nonparallelism with NAff-P having an enlarged left pallidum and smaller accumbens and hippocampus (P < .028), and Aff-P having a smaller accumbens and amygdala (P < .006), relative to HC. NAff-P also had larger basal ganglia compared to Aff-P. Furthermore, NAff-P had enlarged ventricles (P < .055) compared to HC and Aff-P. Additionally, greater ventricular volume was associated with increased manic symptoms in NAff-P and Aff-P. Overall, this study found common and distinct regional morphometric profile abnormalities in early illness NAff-P and Aff-P, providing evidence for both shared and disease-specific pathophysiological processes.