An Analysis of the Cost Variation Among Different Antimicrobial Agents: The Indian Scenario

Background and objective Infectious diseases pose a substantial global health challenge, especially in developing countries where healthcare accessibility is limited. Pharmaceutical expenses constitute a significant share of out-of-pocket expenditure (60-90%). Hence, the affordability of medications becomes a critical determinant for patient compliance. This study focuses on the economic dynamics of antimicrobial agents. Methodology After collecting data from the Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS), different antimicrobial agents (AMAs) were assessed based on their cost per 10 tablets/10 capsules/one vial of injection. A comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the minimum and maximum costs for each medication across diverse pharmaceutical companies. Cost variation was assessed through both the cost ratio and percentage cost variation. The data were analyzed and represented using descriptive statistics Results Our findings indicate significant cost variations, with nitrofurantoin 100 mg tablet showcasing a staggering 1498.5% variation, followed by meropenem 500 mg vial at 473.91%. Conversely, the cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole 800 mg + trimethoprim 160 mg) tablet exhibits a minimal 6.05% variation, underscoring the diversity in pricing strategies. The number of brands ranged from two to 62. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of considering cost variations in antimicrobial agents while prescribing the same. Doing so will not only address the economic challenges faced by patients but also help in improving compliance and reducing the risk of antimicrobial drug resistance. This approach advocates for a more economically sustainable and patient-centric healthcare ecosystem in India.