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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Changes01:19

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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Phase Diagram01:19

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

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An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
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Lens-free Video Microscopy for the Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Adherent Cell Culture
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Cellular Griffiths-like phase.

Lucas Squillante1, Isys F Mello1, Luciano S Ricco2

  • 1São Paulo State University (Unesp), IGCE - Physics Department, Rio Claro - SP, Brazil.

Heliyon
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid-liquid phase separation drives protein compartmentalization, reducing gene expression noise. We introduce a cellular Griffiths-like phase (CGLP) model, crucial for understanding biological organization and disease.

Keywords:
Cell criticalityFlory-Huggins solution theoryGriffiths phaseGrüneisen parameterPrimary organismsProtein compartmentalization

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Protein compartmentalization via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is vital for biological systems.
  • LLPS optimizes spatiotemporal control and reduces noise from stochastic gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theoretical framework for understanding protein phase separation within cells.
  • To introduce the concept of a cellular Griffiths-like phase (CGLP) and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Flory-Huggins solution theory.
  • Applied Avramov/Casalini's model.
  • Incorporated the Grüneisen parameter for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Proposed a new theoretical model: the cellular Griffiths-like phase (CGLP).
  • Demonstrated CGLP's potential impact on cellular functionality and self-organization.
  • Linked CGLP to fundamental biological processes and disease.

Conclusions:

  • The CGLP model offers a new perspective on coacervation processes.
  • Findings are relevant for understanding organism evolution and disease treatment.
  • Paves the way for alternative biophysical approaches in cell biology.