Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

128
Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
128
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

1.6K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
1.6K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

783
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
783
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

71
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
71
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

2.6K
Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
2.6K
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

1.9K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deletion of decay-accelerating factor in kidney tubular cells mitigates kidney fibrosis in aristolochic acid nephropathy.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology·2026
Same author

Echocardiography-guided assessment of mouse cardiac transplant rejection improves model reproducibility.

Frontiers in transplantation·2026
Same author

Not all antibodies are created equal: total IgG glycosylation and severity of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation.

Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation·2026
Same author

APOL1-risk alleles modulate T-cell receptor signaling to promote allograft rejection.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Age-specific patterns of reproductive success in wild female Eurasian lynx across Europe.

Biology letters·2026
Same author

The Kidney-immune Axis: How Erythropoietin Regulates Tolerance and Rejection.

Transplantation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection
16:15

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Published on: October 11, 2014

20.6K

What makes the kidney so tolerant?

Paolo Molinari1,2, Paolo Cravedi1

  • 1Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found that tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) promote the acceptance of kidney transplants by converting harmful T cells into regulatory ones. This IFN-γ-mediated mechanism offers new insights into transplant tolerance and may improve outcomes for high-risk grafts.

More Related Videos

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach
09:15

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Published on: May 7, 2019

15.7K
Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:25

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection
16:15

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Published on: October 11, 2014

20.6K
Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach
09:15

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Published on: May 7, 2019

15.7K
Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:25

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • T cell Regulation

Background:

  • Organ allograft acceptance varies, with some grafts spontaneously accepted without immunosuppression.
  • Understanding spontaneous acceptance mechanisms is key to managing alloimmune responses.
  • Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) containing regulatory T cells are associated with spontaneous graft acceptance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) promote the spontaneous acceptance of kidney allografts.
  • To investigate the role of TLOs in modulating cytotoxic alloreactive CD8+ T cells.
  • To identify molecular pathways involved in TLO-mediated graft tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model of natural kidney allograft acceptance (C57BL/6 accepting DBA/2J).
  • Characterized the cellular composition and function of TLOs within accepted allografts.
  • Investigated the impact of TLOs on cytotoxic alloreactive CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry and gene expression analysis.
  • Assessed the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the TLO-mediated conversion of T cells.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous acceptance of DBA/2J kidney allografts in C57BL/6 mice was associated with the formation of TLOs.
  • These TLOs were crucial for converting cytotoxic alloreactive CD8+ T cells into an exhausted/regulatory phenotype.
  • This conversion process was mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

Conclusions:

  • Tertiary lymphoid organs play a critical role in promoting transplant tolerance by inducing regulatory T cell phenotypes in alloreactive T cells.
  • The IFN-γ-mediated mechanism within TLOs offers a novel pathway for achieving graft acceptance.
  • These findings provide valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance the acceptance of high-risk organ allografts and reduce rejection.