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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
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Related Experiment Video

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Anomalous normal-state gap in an electron-doped cuprate.

Ke-Jun Xu^1,2,3, Junfeng He^1,2,4, Su-Di Chen^1,2,3,5

¹Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 15, 2024

Summary

Researchers discovered a novel energy gap in underdoped cuprates, suggesting Cooper pairing may enable higher superconducting transition temperatures, rivaling those in p-type cuprates.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Materials

Background:

N-type cuprates like Nd2-xCexCuO4 exhibit complex electronic behavior.
Antiferromagnetic order significantly influences the Fermi surface in these materials.
Understanding the normal-state properties is crucial for advancing superconductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the origin of the anomalous energy gap in underdoped n-type cuprates.
Determine the relationship between this gap and superconductivity.
Explore the potential for higher transition temperatures in n-type cuprates.

Main Methods:

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) was employed.
Analysis of the Fermi surface reconstruction due to antiferromagnetism.
Comparison of the observed energy gap with known magnetic and superconducting gaps.

Main Results:

An anomalous energy gap, significantly smaller than the antiferromagnetic gap, was observed.
This gap spans a broad range of the underdoped regime.
The gap smoothly connects to the superconducting gap at optimal doping.

Conclusions:

The normal-state gap in underdoped n-type cuprates likely arises from Cooper pairing.
The high energy scale of this gap suggests potential for high-temperature superconductivity.
This finding opens avenues for engineering higher transition temperatures in n-type cuprates.