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Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine -
Shahin Hallaj1, Anthony P Khawaja2, Ian A S Rodrigues3
1Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Objective/Purpose:
Standardization of eye care data is important for clinical interoperability and research. We aimed to address gaps in the representations of glaucoma examination concepts within Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the preferred terminology of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Design:
Study of data elements.
Methods:
Structured eye examination data fields from 2 electronic health records (EHR) systems (Epic Systems and Medisoft) were compared against existing SNOMED-CT codes for concepts representing glaucoma examination findings. Glaucoma specialists from multiple institutions were surveyed to identify high-priority gaps in representation, which were discussed among the SNOMED International Eye Care Clinical Reference Group. Proposals for new codes to address the gaps were formulated and submitted for inclusion in SNOMED-CT.
Main Outcome Measures:
Gaps in SNOMED-CT glaucoma examination concept representations.
Results:
We identified several gaps in SNOMED-CT regarding glaucoma examination concepts. A survey of glaucoma specialists identified high-priority data elements within the categories of tonometry and gonioscopy. For tonometry, there was consensus that we need to define new codes related to maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) and target IOP and delineate all methods of measuring IOP. These new codes were proposed and successfully added to SNOMED-CT for future use. Regarding gonioscopy, the current terminology did not include the ability to denote the gonioscopic grading system used (e.g., Shaffer or Spaeth), degree of angle pigmentation, iris configuration (except for plateau iris), and iris approach. There was also no ability to specify eye laterality or angle quadrant for gonioscopic findings. We proposed a framework for representing gonioscopic findings as observable entities in SNOMED-CT.
Conclusion:
There are existing gaps in the standardized representation of findings related to tonometry and gonioscopy within SNOMED-CT. These are important areas for evaluating clinical outcomes and enabling secondary use of EHR data for glaucoma research. This international multi-institutional collaborative process enabled identification of gaps, prioritization, and development of data standards to address these gaps. Addressing these gaps and augmenting SNOMED-CT coverage of glaucoma examination findings could enhance clinical documentation and future research efforts related to glaucoma.
Financial Disclosure(S):
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
