Mast cell stabilizers: from pathogenic roles to targeting therapies

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells releasing mediators involved in allergies, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
• The pathological effects of activated mast cells necessitate the development of effective mast cell stabilizers.
• Current clinically available mast cell stabilizers are limited, highlighting a need for comprehensive references.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze mast cell activation mechanisms.
• To summarize the progress in developing mast cell stabilizers.
• To classify mast cell stabilizers based on their mechanisms of action.

Main Methods:

• Review of mast cell activation pathways.
• Analysis of mast cell stabilizer development progress.
• Classification of stabilizers by their action mechanisms: cell surface receptors, signal transduction pathways, and exocytosis systems.

Main Results:

• Mast cell activation involves the release of tryptase, histamine, and other mediators.
• Mast cell stabilizers can be categorized into three main groups based on their therapeutic targets.
• The review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging mast cell stabilizers.

Conclusions:

• Mast cell stabilizers represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a wide range of diseases.
• Further research into mast cell stabilizer mechanisms and clinical applications is crucial.
• This review serves as a valuable resource for identifying and selecting effective mast cell stabilizers for clinical use and future development.