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Theta oscillations underlie the interplay between emotional processing and empathy.

Zaira Romeo1,2, Chiara Spironelli1,3

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Heliyon
|August 16, 2024
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Summary

This study shows that brain

Keywords:
ArousalEEG source analysisEmotional processingEmpathyTheta oscillationsValence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Emotional reactions to stimuli are well-studied.
  • Individual differences in empathy traits influencing emotion processing are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between emotional stimuli and empathy.
  • Examine how empathy dimensions correlate with emotional arousal and brain activity.

Main Methods:

  • Forty participants completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded brain activity during emotional (erotic, mutilation) and non-emotional picture presentation.
  • Subjective valence and arousal ratings were collected.

Main Results:

  • Higher arousal from mutilation images correlated with greater personal distress.
  • Theta activity in the superior frontal gyrus linked to personal distress during emotional processing.
  • Theta activity in the middle frontal gyrus correlated with the perceived valence of erotic stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Theta activity plays a role in modulating the interplay between emotions and empathy.
  • Specific brain regions and EEG patterns are associated with empathy-related emotional responses.