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Retinal Microvasculature Causally Affects the Brain Cortical Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Xiaoyue Wei1,2, Wai Cheng Iao1,2, Yi Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Ophthalmology Science
|August 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Retinal vascular density and fractal dimension causally influence brain cortex structure, and vice versa. This suggests retinal microvasculature may predict cortical changes and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
Cortical surface areaCortical thicknessFractal dimensionVascular density

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinal microvasculature, including vascular density (VD) and fractal dimension (FD), plays a role in overall health.
  • Brain cortical structure, measured by surface area (SA) and thickness (TH), is crucial for cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between retinal vascular metrics (VD, FD) and brain cortical structure (SA, TH) using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association studies data from the UK Biobank for retinal VD and FD.
  • Extracted brain cortical SA and TH from 51,665 participants across 60 cohorts using MRI.
  • Employed bidirectional univariable and multivariable MR analyses to assess causality.

Main Results:

  • Global VD was associated with decreased cortical thickness (TH).
  • Retinal FD correlated with specific regional cortical SA and TH.
  • Bidirectional MR confirmed causal links between retinal VD and specific brain regions' SA.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal vascular metrics causally influence brain cortical structure, and vice versa.
  • Retinal microvasculature may serve as a biomarker for cortical structural changes and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Noninvasive fundus imaging could potentially predict cortical deterioration.