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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Screening Strategies and Methodologies.

Panagiota Founti¹, Kelsey Stuart^2,3, Winifred P Nolan^1,4

¹Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Journal of Glaucoma

|August 16, 2024

Summary

Glaucoma screening faces challenges, but new technologies like polygenic risk scores (PRS) and artificial intelligence (AI) show promise. These tools can improve identifying individuals at high risk for glaucoma, potentially enhancing screening effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Medical Technology

Background:

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, affecting 76 million people, with early stages often asymptomatic.
Early detection and intervention are crucial for reducing glaucoma-related visual morbidity.
Current population-based screening methods are limited by imperfect diagnostic tests and low disease prevalence, leading to significant false-positive and false-negative results.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence and concepts related to glaucoma screening.
To explore the potential of emerging technologies in improving glaucoma detection.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and expert knowledge on glaucoma etiology and screening options.
Evaluation of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for personalized risk assessment.
Assessment of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for discriminating glaucomatous eyes.

Main Results:

Glaucoma screening is challenged by technical difficulties and imperfect tests, impacting diagnostic yield.
Opportunistic screening strategies in settings like cataract clinics are hindered by high rates of false results.
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) offer personalized risk assessment for adult-onset glaucoma.
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms demonstrate performance comparable to human experts in identifying glaucoma.

Conclusions:

Glaucoma screening presents significant design and implementation challenges.
Emerging technologies, specifically PRS and AI, hold potential for improving the identification of high-risk individuals.
These advancements may enhance the viability and effectiveness of glaucoma screening programs.