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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II01:30

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

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Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
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Tertiary Healthcare System01:21

Tertiary Healthcare System

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Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
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Traditional Level Of Health Care System01:26

Traditional Level Of Health Care System

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The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
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Safety Net Primary Care Capabilities After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Karen E Schifferdecker1,2, Ching-Wen W Yang1, Matthew B Mackwood1,2

  • 1Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.

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Summary

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) demonstrated superior performance in key care processes compared to other practice types, particularly in serving underserved populations. Increased funding for FQHCs and support for non-FQHC safety net practices are recommended to enhance primary care access.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Primary Care
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serve 30 million US patients, exhibiting better outcomes than other practice types.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FQHC capabilities relative to other practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the postpandemic operational characteristics and capabilities of FQHCs with non-FQHC safety net and non-FQHC, non-safety net practices.
  • To assess differences in primary care capabilities, including access and composite measures.

Main Methods:

  • A nationally representative survey of 1245 US practices (221 FQHCs, 1024 non-FQHCs) conducted from June 2022 to February 2023.
  • Practices were selected via stratified random sampling based on FQHC status, Area Deprivation Index, and ownership type.
  • Primary outcomes included 2 measures of access and 11 composite measures of primary care capabilities.

Main Results:

  • FQHCs were more likely to be independently owned and receive COVID-19 funding; FQHCs and non-FQHC safety net practices were more prevalent in rural areas.
  • FQHCs significantly outperformed non-FQHCs in behavioral health provision, culturally informed services, screening/referrals for social needs, and shared decision-making/motivational interviewing training.
  • No significant differences were observed in behavioral/substance use screening, complex care processes, patient-reported outcome measures, decision aid use, or after-hours access; most capabilities across all practices require improvement.

Conclusions:

  • FQHCs excel in critical care processes for underserved populations, despite serving lower-income, medically underserved patients.
  • Expanding FQHC funding and supporting non-FQHC safety net practices can improve services for vulnerable populations.
  • Targeted support for these practices is crucial for enhancing primary care, especially in rural areas.